pron + will (neg: will not / won't) + V • (trabajaré) I will work, I'll work • (no trabajaré) I won't work • (en titulares de prensa: 'to'; Venezuela subirá el salario mínimo) Venezuela to raise minimum wage
(honor)
--
(imperativo)
V sin 'to' • (ven aquí) come here! • (no vengas) don't come! • (vengamos) let us come, let's come (neg: let's not come) • (que venga él) let him come
(interjeccs)
(ay) ouch!, ow! • (guau!) wow!, woof! • (ñam) yum, om nom nom
(nombres propios)
(chico) Ian, Henry, John, Joseph, Michael (Mike), Patrick, Peter, Richard (Rick), Robert (Bob) Steve... • (chica) Amanda, Ann, Elizabeth (Beth), Emily, Mary, Jane, Stacey, Susan…
(nombres)
(pl) + -s, (tras -s/-x/-ch/-sh/ y -o en algunos casos) -es, (tras Cy) -Cies: dog-dogs, church-churches, pony-ponies
(ordinales)
-th
(participios)
-ed (pronunciado /t/ tras cons sorda, /d/ tras cons sonora, /id/ tras -t/-d)
(partitivos) (incluye gerundio)
--
(partículas)
--
(pasado)
V + -ed/-d [pron: + C sorda: /t/, + C sonora: /d/, + d/t: /id/] • (trabajé / trabajaba) I worked • (no trabajé / no trabajaba) I didn't work
(plural)
-s (-es después de s/z/x/sh/ch, a vs o) dresses, buses, buzzes, churches, boxes, potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes • (C-y > C-ies) cities, stories; (a vs f/fe > ves) lives, wives, knives, thieves, halves, shelves, leaves; (is > es) thesis-theses, analysis-analyses; (us > i) syllabus > syllabi; (on > a) criterion > criteria
(presentativos)
--
(presente)
[PRES HAB] I/you/we/they + V, he/she/it + V + -s/-es • (trabajo) I work • (trabaja) he works • (no trabajo) I don't work • (no trabaja) he doesn't work • (¿trabaja él?) does he work? • [PRES CONTINUO] to be + V-ing • (estoy trabajando) I am working • (no está trabajando) he is not working, he isn't working
(pron)
--
(pronombres)
--
(puntuación)
bla bla', Mary said
(sintaxis)
SVO
(subjuntivo)
(me ha sugerido que escriba una novela) he has suggested that I (should) write a novel • (Dios salve a la reina) God save the Queen! • (que la fuerza te acompañe) may the force be with you • (si yo fuera tú) if I were you